• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A clocked flyback converter circuit for the direct operation of lighting means (11) has a controllable switch (7), a transformer (5) with a primary winding (4), which is coupled to the controllable switch (7), and a secondary winding (6) which the lighting means (11) can be coupled, a control device (14) for controlling the switch (7), and means (8a .. 8c) for detecting a temporal mean value of the current flowing through the switch (7) and for supplying this mean value reproducing signal to the control device (14). The control device (14) is designed to determine the point in time when the switch (7) is switched off and / or switched on again on the basis of this signal.
    公开号:AT17276U1
    申请号:TGM292/2016U
    申请日:2016-11-29
    公开日:2021-11-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    CLOCKED BLOCKING CONVERTER CIRCUIT
    The present invention relates to a clocked flyback converter circuit and a method for controlling a clocked flyback converter circuit. The invention relates in particular to a clocked flyback converter for directly operating one or more light-emitting diodes.
    A flyback converter, also called step-up converter (English "flyback converter"), is a DC / DC converter clocked on the input side, which transfers electrical energy between an input and an output side by means of a transformer, galvanically decoupled (that is, electrically isolated). With a flyback converter, a DC voltage supplied to the input can be converted into a DC voltage with a different voltage level with little circuitry effort.
    From US 2012/286686 A1 a clocked flyback converter circuit is known in which a control device switches a switch coupling the primary coil of the transformer to ground for clocking the flyback converter selectively with a certain frequency and duty cycle. US 2012/286686 A1 proposes using such a clocked flyback converter circuit for direct supply of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the current flowing through the controllable switch being detected and the switch being switched off as soon as the detected current is set according to a dimming signal Threshold for the maximum switch current reached.
    This has the disadvantage that, particularly at low dimming levels and thus a low threshold value, current peaks occurring immediately when the switch is switched on can trigger an unintentional switching off of the switch. To counteract this, a minimum threshold value can be set above the expected current peaks, which, however, restricts the control of the dimming level by varying the threshold value in the lower dimming range.
    In addition, in order to determine the power delivered to the LED (s) in a switching cycle, the times defining the switch-on period and the switch-off period must be determined in a technically complex manner by means of comparators.
    The invention is based on the object of specifying devices and methods which reduce the problems described. The task is in particular to provide a clocked flyback converter circuit for the direct operation of one or more light sources, in particular LED (s), and a method for controlling a flyback converter circuit that allow precise control and regulation over a large load range with a simple and inexpensive structure .
    This object is achieved in accordance with the features of the independent claims. The invention is further developed by the features of the dependent claims.
    According to the present invention, a clocked flyback converter circuit for operating one or more lighting means has a controllable switch, a transformer with a primary winding which is coupled to the controllable switch, and a secondary winding to which the lighting means can be coupled, a control device for driving of the switch and means for detecting a temporal mean value of the current flowing through the switch and for supplying a signal representing this mean value to the control device, the control device being designed to determine the point in time when the switch is switched off and / or switched on again on the basis of the signal to determine. With the setting of the switch-off time and the restart time, the switch-on time duration or the switch-off time duration and thus the power output by the flyback converter circuit, which is proportional to the mean value over time, is determined. The mean value over time can be formed and evaluated continuously during a switching cycle or only for certain sections of the switching cycle. The switch-off time can also be determined indirectly by
    men of a switch-on time relative to the switch-on time.
    Short current peaks that occur after switching on the switch are included in the averaging, but because of their short duration they only have a small influence on the mean value, so that an unintentional switching off of the switch can be prevented, e.g. even at low dimming levels.
    To regulate the power output by the flyback converter circuit or the current output by the flyback converter circuit, the control device can be designed to determine the point in time of switching the switch off and / or on again based on a deviation of the detected mean value from a predetermined value determine. Depending on the amount of the specific deviation, the point in time at which it is switched off can be delayed more or less or the point in time at which it is switched back on can be brought forward in order, for example, to correct an output that is too low.
    In order to determine the power output by the flyback converter circuit more precisely, the voltage output by the secondary winding or the flyback converter circuit can also be determined in addition to the current. For this purpose, the transformer can have an auxiliary winding on the primary side, which outputs an effective voltage proportional to the effective voltage output by the secondary winding and to which the control device for detecting this voltage is coupled. The control device can be designed to derive the voltage delivered to the lamp from the voltage detected by the auxiliary winding, to determine the current IL_z9 flowing through the lamp according to the formula ILeo = (Uin lin-Plross) / ULeD and to determine the point in time at which it was switched off. and / or switching on the switch again on the basis of a deviation of the determined current I_z9 from a predetermined value. Un is the voltage applied to the primary winding, In is the current flowing through the primary winding and indicated by the signal, and Pıoss is the power loss of the flyback converter circuit or at least of the transformer.
    The power loss Pıoss allows the control of the output on the secondary side to be determined very precisely with the currents and voltages only recorded on the primary side and can be calculated by the manufacturer or determined experimentally and stored in the control device, e.g. in a table.
    The power loss Pıoss can be different for different loads or different operating states. In order to take this into account, the corresponding power loss Poss can be determined and stored for various possible loads / operating states. The control device can be designed to detect at least one operating state of the flyback converter circuit, to determine a power loss Poss ZU assigned to this operating state, and to determine the current I_zo on the basis of the determined power loss Poss.
    The control device can be designed to set or change the predetermined value on the basis of a received dimming signal.
    Methods known per se can be used to form the time average. The means for detecting the temporal mean value can have a low-pass filter, for example a capacitor, which is charged by the current flowing through the switch, the signal being a voltage Uc output by the capacitor.
    In addition, a factor that reproduces or compensates for the deviations of the signal from the mean current In actually flowing through the primary winding during signal generation can be calculated or determined experimentally. The control device can be designed to determine the current In from the voltage Uc output by the capacitor by means of this predetermined factor indicating the relation between the current lin and the voltage Uc.
    The means for detecting the time average can be a low-pass filter and the lighting means can be light-emitting diodes.
    The flyback converter circuit can be an isolated flyback converter circuit in which there is no electrically conductive connection between the primary and the secondary side.
    According to the present invention, an operating device for light emitting diodes has one of the flyback converter circuits described above.
    According to the present invention, a method for controlling a clocked flyback converter circuit having a transformer, in which a primary winding of the transformer is coupled to a controllable switch and a secondary winding of the transformer is coupled to one or more illuminants, has the following steps:
    - driving the switch, and - detecting a time average value of the current flowing through the switch, and
    - Determining a point in time for switching the switch off and / or on again on the basis of the mean value over time.
    The time at which the switch is switched off and / or switched on again can be determined on the basis of a deviation of the recorded mean value from a predetermined value.
    According to the present invention, the determination of a point in time for switching the switch off and / or on again can also take place on the basis of the time average, with the current values of the current flowing through the controllable switch (in the switched-on state) also being recorded.
    The method can additionally include the steps:
    - Detection of a voltage output by an auxiliary winding on the primary side of the transformer,
    - Deriving the voltage UL delivered to the lamp: taking into account the voltage detected by the auxiliary winding, and
    - Determine the current IL flowing through the lamp according to the formula ILeo = (Um linPıoss) / ULeD, the time of switching the switch off and / or on again being determined on the basis of a deviation of the determined current IL = »from a predetermined value , Un is the voltage applied to the primary winding, In is the current flowing through the primary winding and indicated by the signal, and Pıoss is the power loss of the flyback converter circuit.
    In addition, the method can include the steps of: detecting at least one operating state of the flyback converter circuit, and
    - Determination of a power loss associated with the detected operating state (s), the current I _ => being determined on the basis of the determined power loss.
    According to the present invention, the clocked flyback converter circuit can be operated, for example, in a continuous operating mode, a discontinuous operating mode and / or a boundary operating mode between continuous and discontinuous operation. Different operating modes of the types mentioned above can also be mixed in a time division multiplex.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
    1 shows a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a first embodiment according to the present invention,
    2 shows a diagram with signal curves of the flyback converter circuit operated in the limit operating mode according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention,
    3 shows a diagram with signal curves of the flyback converter circuit operated in the discontinuous operating mode according to an exemplary embodiment according to the present invention,
    Fig. 4 shows a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a second embodiment according to the present invention, and
    Fig. 5 shows an operating device for light emitting diodes according to an embodiment according to the present invention.
    Components with the same functions are identified in the figures with the same reference symbols.
    Fig. 1 shows a simplified circuit of a clocked flyback converter for the direct operation of several lighting means according to a first embodiment according to the present invention. A supply voltage, which can be a direct voltage or a rectified alternating voltage, is fed to the two input connections 1, 2 of the illustrated flyback converter circuit 3.
    The primary winding 4 of the transformer 5, the controllable switch 7 and a low-ohmic current measuring resistor 8a are connected in series between the first input connection 1 and the second input connection 2. The voltage drop across the current measuring resistor 8a (low resistance) is fed to a low-pass filter consisting of a resistor 8b and a capacitor 8c, the resistor 8b being connected to the current measuring resistor 8a and the capacitor 8c to ground.
    The second input terminal 2 is connected to ground. An LED path 11 formed from a series circuit of five LEDs in the example is connected to the two output connections 9, 10 of the flyback converter circuit 3. The secondary winding 6 of the transformer 5 and a diode 12 are connected in series between the first output connection 9 and the second output connection 10. A capacitor 13 is coupled in parallel to the output connections 9, 10. The primary and secondary windings 4, 6 of the transformer 5 have a different polarity / winding direction.
    The controllable switch 7 can be a power switch, a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor. The controllable switch 7 can be a transistor with an insulated gate electrode.
    A control device 14 connected to the switch 7 controls the switch 7 in order to switch it on and off. The voltage applied to the capacitor 8c is fed to the control device 14 as a signal representing the time average value of the current flowing through the switch 7.
    The control device 14 can be an integrated semiconductor circuit or comprise an integrated semiconductor circuit. The control device 14 can be designed as a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller or an application-specific special circuit (ASIC, “Application Specific Integrated Circuit”) or a combination of the named units. This is particularly possible because, unlike with cycle-to-cycle controls, the mean value formation is considered several switch cycles.
    In the case of the clocked flyback converter 3, electrical energy is transmitted between the input connections 1, 2, which are galvanically separated by means of the transformer 5, and the output connections 9, 10. To this end, the control device 14 repeatedly switches the switch 7 on and off again at high frequencies. After switching on, the primary winding 4 of the transformer 5 has a current flowing through it, the diode 12 suppresses a current flow on the secondary side. After switching off (blocking phase), the energy stored in the primary winding 4 is emitted via the secondary winding 6 of the transformer 5 or forces a current flow on the secondary side through the diode 12. The capacitor 13 is charged, which is connected to the output terminals 9, 10 of the flyback converter circuit 1 connected LED segment 11 lights up. The current flow on the secondary side decreases linearly and is in the discontinuous (intermittent)
    Operation and finally zero in limit operation before the control device 14 switches the switch 7 on again.
    According to the present invention, the output power or the brightness is regulated by varying the switch-off and / or switch-on times on the basis of the recorded mean value of the primary-side current through the switch 7 as a measure of the secondary-side current flowing through the LED. The control device 14 begins the regulation with predetermined switch-off and switch-on times, in doing so it detects the voltage drop across the capacitor 8c, which is a measure of the mean value, determines a deviation of the mean value from a given mean value corresponding to a certain output power and varies the output and / or restart time according to the level of the determined deviation. A longer switch-on time and a shorter switch-off time each lead to a higher output power.
    The flyback converter 3 can work in intermittent or non-intermittent operation. For this purpose, it may be necessary to acquire further measured variables, for example in order to determine the point in time of the zero crossing of the current through the switch 7.
    Fig. 2 shows a simplified representation of the timing of the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) and the current through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) of the flyback converter operated in the limit operating mode 3. As in the diagram 2, the control device 14 switches the switch 7 at time t; a. The mean current flow through the switch 7 is detected by the control device 14 by means of the low-pass filter 8b, 8c coupled to the measuring resistor 8.
    After switching on at time t; the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) increases linearly. At the predetermined point in time t2, the control device 14 switches off the switch 7. The current flow through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) begins and drops to zero at time t3, whereupon the control device 14 switches the switch 7 on again (limit operation). Switching on again can only take place with a positive edge (zero crossing) of the coil current.
    The control device 14 determines the mean current flow for the period t + to t2 (ton) or t1 to ts (ton + torF) and compares this with a threshold value. The averaging can also take several cycles. However, it is also possible to determine the mean current flow during other time periods and in particular continuously and to compare it with a threshold value.
    If the control device 14 determines that the power output is too high and the switch-on period ton is shortened for subsequent cycles ts, which leads to a lower average current flow and a lower power output.
    Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the time courses of the current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 (solid line) and the current through the secondary winding 6 (dashed line) of the flyback converter 3 operated in the discontinuous operating mode. As shown in FIG. 3, the control device 14 switches the switch 7 on at time t +, off at time t2 and on again after a period of time torr = t4-t2 ZU at time t4.
    In the discontinuous operating mode, the switch 7 is always switched off when the specified duty cycle ton = t2-t1 = ts-t4 is reached, the output is increased with a corresponding reduction in the time taem = t4-ts and the output is reduced a corresponding increase in the duration tacm = ta-t3.
    Fig. 4 shows a clocked flyback converter circuit according to a second embodiment according to the present invention, in which, for a more precise determination of the output power, in addition to the average current through the primary winding 4, the average voltage UL: output by the flyback converter circuit 3 is determined. For this purpose, the transformer 5 has an auxiliary winding 15 on the primary side for detecting the voltage output by the secondary winding, which is connected to the second input connection 2 and the control device 15.
    is bound.
    The current ILz flowing through the lighting means 11 can according to the formula ILeD = (PinPıoss) / ULED BZW. ILeD = (Uin-lin-Ploss) / ULed can be calculated. Un is the input voltage of the flyback converter circuit 3, which can be stored in the control device 14 or can be determined by it, In the current recorded by the flyback converter circuit 3 and detected by the low-pass filter, and Pıoss is the power loss of the flyback converter circuit, which is calculated or calculated by the user / manufacturer was determined experimentally and is stored in the control device 14.
    In addition, a factor which reproduces or compensates for the deviations of the signal from the current lin actually flowing through the primary winding during signal generation can be calculated or determined experimentally. The factor «can be stored in the control device 14, which then calculates the current IL according to the formula ILep = (0Uin’linPıoss) / ULeD.
    The control device 14 receives a dimming signal D for controlling the brightness of the lighting means 11 (LED path) and derives the setpoint value for the average current through the primary winding 4 and the switch 7 therefrom. To regulate the brightness (output power) to the (specified) brightness indicated by the dimming signal D:
    - The control device 14 derives the voltage UL applied to the lamp: from the voltage detected by the auxiliary winding 15,
    - determines the current IL_ = »flowing through the lamp 11 according to the given formula,
    - determines the deviation of the determined current IL = o from the setpoint, and
    - sets the point in time when the switch 7 is switched off and / or switched on again on the basis of the determined deviation.
    In the discontinuous operation, after switching off the switch 7, oscillations of the voltage across the primary-side coil 4 can occur due to parasitic effects. In order to avoid switching losses of the switch 7, such oscillations should be taken into account when selecting the restart time or the restart time should be selected so that at the restart time the voltage oscillation falls to a zero crossing after a voltage minimum. The voltage profile detected by the auxiliary winding 15 can be used to determine this zero crossing.
    For this purpose, the control device 14 determines in the discontinuous operation by means of the voltage signal generated by the auxiliary winding 15 the point in time at which the voltage curve has a zero crossing after a minimum, in order to turn the switch on again at this point in time.
    In the diagram shown in Fig. 3, the oscillation of the voltage signal after switching off is shown as a dotted line. If the switch 7 is to be switched on again taking into account the detected oscillation, this means, however, that the switch 5 cannot be switched on again at any point in time, but only at discrete time intervals, namely whenever the voltage oscillation crosses zero.
    If the switch 7 is not switched on again due to these voltage fluctuations and the resulting restart time at the zero crossing exactly at the time determined by the control device 14 according to the load requirement / deviation, the specified power, the specified time average value of the secondary-side output current Iıeo , cannot be reached exactly for this restart cycle and is lower if, for example, it is only switched back on at the next possible discrete point in time later. With the present invention, such a deviation is detected and corrected by the regulation.
    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a change between a
    Limit operating mode, a continuous operating mode, and / or discontinuous operating mode as a function of the setpoint value for the mean current. In particular, if a certain setpoint value is not reached, a change can be made from the continuous to the discontinuous operating mode and if it is exceeded, a change can be made again from the discontinuous to the continuous operating mode. For example, if a certain setpoint is undershot, a change can be made from the limit operating mode to the discontinuous operating mode and, if it is exceeded, a change can be made again from the discontinuous operating mode to the limit operating mode. With this measure, problems in the detection of very small average currents can be avoided by starting from a setpoint value at which the average current for the period t; until t2 or t; until tz can just be detected, from the continuous or also from the limit operating mode to the discontinuous operating mode with a constant time span t; until t »or t; until ts is changed.
    Fig. 5 shows an operating device for light emitting diodes according to an embodiment according to the present invention. The operating device has the clocked flyback converter circuit 3 shown in FIG. 5 and a rectifier consisting of a diode circuit 16 and a charging capacitor 17 for rectifying an alternating voltage fed to the input connection 18. The operating device can comprise a (preferably actively clocked) power factor correction circuit (not shown) arranged between the diode circuit 16 and the charging capacitor 17.
    The LEDs of the lighting means (LED line) 11 connected to the output connections 8, 10 can be inorganic or organic LEDs. The LEDs can be connected in series or in parallel. The plurality of LEDs can also be connected in more complex arrangements, for example in a plurality of series connections connected in parallel to one another. While five LEDs are shown by way of example, the lighting means or the LED segment 11 can also have more or fewer LEDs.
    The operating device can alternatively have the flyback converter circuit shown in FIG. 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Clocked flyback converter circuit for operating one or more lamps (11), having a controllable switch (7), a transformer (5) with a primary winding (4) which is coupled to the controllable switch (7), and a secondary winding (6 ) to which the lighting means (11) can be coupled, a control device (14) for controlling the switch (7), and means (8a, ... 8c) for detecting a time average of the current flowing through the switch (7) and for supplying a signal reproducing this mean value to the control device (14), characterized in that the control device (14) is designed to determine the point in time when the switch is switched off and / or switched on again on the basis of this signal.
    [2]
    2, clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (14) is designed to determine the point in time at which the switch is switched off and / or switched on again on the basis of a deviation of the recorded mean value from a predetermined value.
    [3]
    3. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transformer (5) has a primary-side auxiliary winding (15) to which the control device (14) is coupled for detecting the voltage output by the auxiliary winding (15), and the control device (14) is designed to derive the voltage UL drop across the lamp (11) from the voltage detected by the auxiliary winding (15), the current Iıe> flowing through the lamp (11) according to the formula ILe5 = (Ui lin-Ploss) / ULeED ZU and determine the point in time of switching the switch off and / or on again on the basis of a deviation of the determined current ILzo from a specified value, where Un is the voltage applied to the primary winding (4), lin der is the current flowing through the primary winding (4) and indicated by the signal, and Pıoss is the power loss of the flyback converter circuit.
    [4]
    4. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that the control device (14) is designed to detect at least one operating state of the flyback converter circuit (3), to determine a power loss Pıoss assigned to this operating state and to determine the current ILzo taking into account the determined power loss Pıoss To determine.
    [5]
    5. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a dimming signal (D) can be fed to the control device (14) and the control device (14) is designed to set the predetermined value on the basis of the dimming signal (D) .
    [6]
    6. Clocked flyback converter circuit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the means (8a..8c) for detecting the time average has a capacitor (8c) which is charged by the current flowing through the switch (7), and the signal is a voltage (Uc) output by the capacitor.
    [7]
    7. Operating device for light emitting diodes, comprising a clocked flyback converter circuit (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6.
    [8]
    8. A method for controlling a transformer (5) having clocked flyback converter circuit (3), in which a primary winding (4) of the transformer with a controllable switch (3) and a secondary winding (2) of the transformer (5) with one or more illuminants (11) is coupled with the steps:
    Controlling the switch (7), and
    Detecting a time mean value of the current flowing through the switch (7), and determining a point in time for switching the switch (7) off and / or on again on the basis of the time mean value.
    [9]
    9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the point in time at which the switch (7) is switched off and / or switched on again is determined on the basis of a deviation of the recorded mean value from a predetermined value.
    [10]
    10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, comprising the steps of: detecting a voltage output from a primary-side auxiliary winding (15) of the transformer (5), deriving the voltage UL output to the illuminant (11): from the voltage UL output from the auxiliary winding (15) detected voltage, and determining the current IL_ = »flowing through the lamp (11) according to the formula ILeo = (Uin-Iin-Pross) / ULeD, the time of switching off and / or switching on the switch (7) based on a Deviation of the determined current IL from a predetermined value is determined, where Un is the voltage applied to the primary winding (4), Lin is the current flowing through the primary winding (4) and indicated by the signal, and Pıoss is the power loss of the flyback converter circuit.
    For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    US20150189710A1|2013-12-30|2015-07-02|Chengdu Monolithic Power Systems Co., Ltd.|Led driving circuit, control circuit and associated current sensing circuit|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016218552.7A|DE102016218552A1|2016-09-27|2016-09-27|Clocked flyback converter circuit|
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